Journal

of an Emigrating Party of Pottawattomie Indians, From

Twin Lakes, in Marshall County, Ia. [Indiana], to Their

Homes on the Osage River in the We [stern] Terri-

tory. Conducted by Wm. Polke, Esq.

Property of Judge Polk if called for.

S. M.

Thursday 30th. August, 1838.

Commenced collecting the Indians at Twin Lakes Encampment, Marshall County Indiana, and succeeded in gathering by night time, about one hundred and seventy.

Friday, 31st. Aug..

Received considerable accessions to the numbers of yesterday. The day was employed in bringing in the Indians and their baggage.

Sunday, 2nd Sept..

Loaded thirteen wagons with the Baggage belonging to the Indians and prepared for a march.

Monday, 3d Sept..

A party of forty-two Indians were brought into camp, and the business of the emigration so arranged as to expedite our departure on to-morrow.

Tuesday, 4th Sept.

Left Encampment at Twin Lakes at half past 9 o’clk A. M. leaving behind on account of sickness of the chief San-ga-na, with his family consisting of thirteen persons, three of whom are very sick, and proceeded on our march. Messrs, Wheeler & Hopkins agree to furnish provisions during the sickness of the family, and until such time as San-ga-na may be able to report himself at the agency at Logansport, preparatory to his emigration west. The day was exceedingly sultry, and the roads choked up with dust. Traveling was attended with much distress on account of the scarcity of water. Reached Chippeway at sunset having travelled a distance of twenty-one miles further than it was the intention of the Conductor to have gone, but for the want of water. The number of horses belonging to the Indians is estimated at two hundred and eighty-six—the number of wagons engaged in the transportation twenty-six. Provisions and forage rather scarce and not of the best quality.

Wednesday, 5th September.

Fifty-one persons were found to be unable to continue the journey, the means of transportation not being at hand—they were therefore left, the most of them sick, the remainder to wait upon them. Proceeded on our route, and reached at half past 12, at noon, the point determined upon as the location of our second encampment, a distance of nine miles from the encampment of the day before. The scarcity of water in the country again retarded the progress of the emigration—the distance being either too great or too short between the watering placed. A child died on the vening of this day, and buried on the morning of the 7t. A child was also born during our encampment. A party of three Indians joined us today shortly after coming into camp. Subsistence generally of beef and flour, and that very difficult to acquire—having in most cases to ransport it from Logansport, a distance form the furthest point of 46 miles*

*During the night of the 4th instant at the encampment at Chippeway, twenty persons affected their escape—stealing two horses from the Indians remaining behind, and have not since been heard of.

Thursday, 6th Sept.

Left the Encampment at Una Creek at 9 in the morning, and traveled encountering fewer difficulties on our route, than on either of the previous days, to the encampment settled upon in the immediate vicinity of Logansport, having accomplished on our third day’s march, a distance of seventeen miles. During the Evening of our arrival, nine of those left at Chippeway came up.

Friday, 7th Sept.

Two wagons with the thirteen person left at Chippeway arrive in camp today. Kock-coch-kee, with his party consisting of fifteen persons, as also Co-co-ta, Che-shaw-gen Way-wa-he-as-shuk and Pawk-shuk, with their families, making in all eighteen persons, came into camp today. A child died this morning.

Saturday, 8th Sept.

A child three years old died and was buried—The chief We-wiss-sa came in with his family consisting of six persons, to join the emigration,—himself sick. Two wagons that had been sent to Chippeway returned bringing with them twenty-two persons, the whole of the number of those left behind, save the few who had effected their escape, and others who wished to remain until they are better able to travel. C. Martin has agreed to furnish them while sick at that place.

Sunday, 9th Sept.

Physicians came into camp today, and reported three hundred cases of sickness, generally of a temporary character, and which they are of opinion, may be removed by a two-day course of medicine. A kind of Medical hospital has been erected to-day, which is likely to facilitate the course of medical regime proposed by the physicians. A child died to-day. The priest formerly attached to the Catholics among the Pottawattamies, asked and obtained leave to say mass to-day and perform the ceremonies of his church in camp. The rites are now being performed. This Evening Sidney Williams and Wm. T. Polke, who had been dispatched in pursuit of the Indians who escaped from Chippeway, returned, having reconnoitered the village and cornfields on the Reserve without receiving any intelligence of the fugitives. They brought into camp three Indian horses which they had found on the road. A child died since dark.

Monday, 10th Sept.

The morning was early employed in preparations for a removal. Nothing of any note occurred during the morning. At 10 o’clk, we got under way and proceeded on our journey, leaving behind us of sick and attendan[ts] twenty-one. The day was hot—we had the advantage [how]ever, of being in the vicinity of water, our route lying on the northern bank of the Wabash, the whole distance. We reached our encampment at Winnemac’s old village, at about 5 o’clk, a distance of perhaps ten miles from the camp at Logan. Provisions of the same character of those of yesterday and the day previous. Bacon is not to be had—beef and flour constitutes generally our provisions. A child died since we came into camp. A man also died tonight after several day’s sickness.

Tuesday, 11th Sept.

Left Winnemac Encampment at 10 A. M. and journeyed westward. Our route lay through an open, champaign, country, which circumstance rendered the traveling more pleasant than that of any previous day. The sick along with us appear to be recruiting and everything bids fair for a comfortable and prosperous emigration. If we may be allowed to judge from the gayety of our encampments—the bright smiles that gild the sunny faces of our unhappy wards, and the contentment which seems to mark the sufferance of imposed restrictions, we may safely calculate upon the pleasantest and happiest of the emigrations west. We reached our present encampment (Pleasant Run) at 5 o’clk—having accomplished a distance of seventeen miles. Provisions beef and flour, bacon difficult to be procured. A source of considerable expense is the foraging of Indian horses. We generally, however, manage to pasture during our encampments, as cheaply as possible.

Wednesday, 12th Sept.

At half past 8 o’clk. we struck our tents and started on the march. At 11 we reached and forded the Tippecanoe river. A little after 12 we passed the Battle Ground and at 1 arrived at our present encampment (Battle Ground) Distance from the Encampment of yesterday fifteen miles. Immediately after our arrival the Indians were collected, and Dry Goods consisting of Cloths, Blankets, Calicoes, etc., to the amount of $5469 81 were distributed among them. Nothing of importance occurred during the remainder of the day. The Indians appeared to be well satisfied with the distribution of the Goods. A very old woman—the mother of the chief We-wiss-sa—said to be upwards of a hundred years old, died since coming into camp.

Thursday, 13th Sept.

We commenced our journey this morning about 9 o’clock, and after traveling until 4 this afternoon, reached the encampment near Lagrange—some eighteen miles from the camp of yesterday. With the exception of the sultry heat of noon-day and the excessive dust of the road, our marches are very pleasant. This Evening two neighboring Physicians, Drs. Ritchie & Son were called into camp (the situation of the sick demanding it) and have visited and prescribed for most of those indisposed. They report 106 cases of sickness.

Friday, 14th Sept.

Left Lagrange encampment at an early hour and proceeded at a quick pace on our journey—passing over a dry and seemingly unhealthy portion of the country. Our party continues to mend in health. Occasionally however, and indeed not unfrequently, persons thro’ weariness and fatigue take sick along the route. This occupies much of our time. We place them in the wagons which are every day becoming more crowded and proceed. Reached our camp ground near Williamsport at 4 P. M. As we advanced farther into the country of he prairies water becomes more scarce—the streams are literally dried up, and we have to fear that unless soon refreshed with rain, our future marches will be attended with much pain, and suffering. To-day we made 18 miles. Two deaths took place this evening.

Saturday, 15th Sept.

Early on this morning we were on our way, and traveled without interruption until 12 o’clk. M. when we arrived at an unhealthy and filthy looking stream, at which, from the reports of the citizens of the country, we were forced to encamp. The young men among the Indians during the afternoon, to the number of twenty-five, were permitted to go on a hunting excursion-a permission which they have for some time seemed to covet. We traveled to-day about 10 miles. Two small children died along the road.

Sunday, 16th Sept.

At 8 o’clock we were loaded and in our saddles. Seven persons were left sick in camp, among the number a woman who was about to be confined. A few minutes travel brought us to the Grand Prairie, a portion of which we passed over, arriving at our present Encampment at Danville, Ill., at about 3 o’clk. P. M. The heat along with the dust is daily rendering our march more distressing. The houses are jaded the Indians sickly and many of the persons engaged in the emigration more of less sick. The whole country through which we pass appears to be afflicted—every town, village, and hamlet has its invalids. We traveled to-day fifteen miles, passing the dividing line between the two states at about 11 ½ o’clock. We find provisions and forage, the further we advance, demanding most enormous prices. It is worthy of remark, perhaps, that such a season for sickness in this country is almost unparalleled. In the little town, adjoining which we are now encamped, containing a population of from eight hundred to a thousand four persons died yesterday.

Monday, 17t Sept.

Left the encampment at Danville at 9 in the morning, and proceeded to Sandusky’s point—a distance of six miles, where we encamped for the remainder of the day and night. Soon after our arrival in camp, Joseph Mouland who was left as Interpreter for the sick remained at the camp of Saturday last, came up with his part, it having received an accession by the birth of a child. Provisions and forage we find scarce. Subsistence generally beef and flour. A young child died directly after coming into camp.

Tuesday, 18th Sept.

The accumulation of business, together with the discharge of a number of troops in service, rendered it necessary that we should remain in camp a day or so—beside which the weak condition of many of the emigrants demanded rest. During the evening a woman and a child died. A child was also born today. The health of the emigrants continues very bad. Scarcely a day but new cases are reported. In the main however, a daily improvement may be calculated upon. Dr. Jerolaman, the physician to the emigrants arrived in camp to-day, and commenced the discharge of his dut[ies]. He is assisted for the time by Dr. James H. Buell of Williamsport, Ia. whose service were enlisted during the absence of Dr. Jerolaman. In their report of to-day they say, “there are at this time sixty-seven sick—of that number there are forty-seven cases of intermittent fever—thirteen of continued and three of diarrhea, and two of scrofula. Of the whole number eight may be considered dangerously ill. Provisions and forage still continue to be scarce.

Wednesday, 19th Sept.

The business for which we remained yesterday in camp, is but half concluded. The sick require active treatment such as they cannot receive whilst on the march. We remain to-day. To-morrow morning most of the volunteers will be discharged, when we expect to proceed on our way. The report of the physicians varies but little from that of yesterday. They report six or eight cases as very dangerous. A child of six or eight years old died this Evening. Also late at night an adult person.

Thursday, 20th Sept.

At 3 o’clock we were up and busily preparing the discharge of the volunteers. At sun rise they were mustered and marched to Head Quarters, where, after being addressed for a few moments by the General in command, they were discharged and paid off. Sixteen of the mounted volunteers, upon a requisition of the Conductor of the emigration were retained in service and are now under the immediate charge of Ensign Smith. At 9 o’clk. a few hours before which an elderly woman died, we prepared for our march. We left the camp at half past 9, and reached our present encampment at about 2 P. M. During the march of the party, Gen. Tipton who has heretofore been in command of the volunteers, and superintended the removal of the present emigration, took his leave, and left us in charge of the Conductor, Wm. Polke, Esq. While on the march a child died on horseback. A death has also occurred since we came into camp this Evening. We are now encamped at Davis’s Point, a distance of ten miles from the camp ground of yesterday. To-morrow we expect to reach Sidney, which is reported to be a good watering place.

Friday, 21st Sept.

Left Davis’s encampment at half-past 9. At a little before 2 we reached Sidney, near the spot selected for encampment. The health of the Indians is the same—scarcely a change—the worst of the cases in most persons proves fatal. Physician reports for yesterday, “their condition somewhat better. There are yet fifty sick in camp—three have died since my last.” The farther we get into the prairie the scarcer becomes water. Our present encampment is very poorly watered, and we are yet in the vicinity of timber. A child died since we came into camp. This morning before we left the Encampment of last night, a chief, Muk-kose, a man remarkable for his honesty and integrity, died after a few days’ sickness. Distance traveled to-day 12 miles. Forage not so scarce as a few days ago. Bacon we occasionally procure—beef and flour, however, constitutes our principal subsistence.

Saturday, 22nd Sept.

At 8 o’clock we left our Encampment, and entered the prairie at Sidney. The day was exceedingly cold.—The night previous had brought us quite a heavy rain, and the morning came in cold and blustery. Our journey was immediately across the Prairie, which at this point is entirely divested of timber for sixteen miles. The Emigrants suffered a good deal, but appeared to be cheerful. The health of the camp continues to improve—not a death has occurred to-day, and the cool bracing weather will go far towards recruiting the health of the invalids. A wagoner was discharged to-day for drunkenness. Dissipation is almost entirely unknown in the camp. To-night, however, two Indians were found to have possessed themselves of liquor, and become intoxicated. They were arrested and put under guard. Some six or eight persons were left at Davis’s Point this morning, for want of the means of transportation. They came in this evening. We are at present encamped at Sidoris’s Grove, sixteen miles distant from Sidney. Water quite scarce.

Sunday, 23rd Sept.

Left our encampment at 9 o’clk. Having been detained for an hour at the request of the Rev. W. Petit, who desired to perform service. The day was clear and cold. Our way lay across another portion of Grand Prairie, which, as was the case yesterday, we found without timber for fifteen miles. Physicians report the health of the camp still improving. “The number of sick” the report says “is forty. There have been two deaths since my last report, and four of five may be considered immediately dangerous.” A child died early this morning. One also died on the way to our present Encampment. Distance traveled to-day fifteen miles. We are at present encamped on the Sangamon river, along the banks of which our route to-morrow lies. Subsistence, beef and flour—better, however, than usual.

Tuesday, 25th Sept.

To allow the sick left at Pyatt’s Point yesterday time to join us, and to give the emigrants generally a respite, and to bring up the business of the emigration, it was determined to remain in camp to-day. The baggage wagons were weighed and reloaded during the day and the matters of the emigrants made more comfortable. Sometime in the afternoon the sick left at the encampment of yesterday arrived. Directly after their arrival a woman among the number died. The rest were but little if any improved. A child died this evening. The farther we advance the more sickly seems the character of the country. It is very difficult to procure provisions and forage owing to the general prostration of the husbandry…Most of the Indian men were permitted to go on a hunting excursion to-day. They brought in a considerable quantity of game.

Wednesday, 26th Sept.

Left our Encampment at the Crossing at 8 o’clock in the morning and proceeded on our route. The sick appear somewhat recruited. Owing to the indisposition of our physicians no report has been made since Monday. We have reason to believe that the health of the camp is returning. The weather still continues delightful—the roads, however, are again becoming dusty. Provisions and forage seem not so scarce as farther back.—the country through which we are now passing is more thickly settled…Distance traveled to-day fourteen miles. We are now encamped near Decatur, Ill. Forty miles from Springfield. A child died after dark.

Thursday, 27th Sept.

At 8 this morning we were loaded and on our horses. We traveled until 2 p. m. and reached our present encampment, Long Point, about fourteen miles from the camp of last night. During the march, and indeed for the last three days, a considerable number of the Indian men were scouring the prairies in search of game. Their success has been such as to upercede entirely the necessity of issuing rations. The camp is now full of venison. Mr. Shields, one of the Assistant Conductors, left us this morning on account of indisposition. A substitute, it is thought, will not be necessary as the emigration is already far advanced on its route. We find no difficulty in procuring water, and we have every reason to believe that the greater portion of our route will be found to furnish a sufficiency for the party. Physician still indisposed. Forage and subsistence the same. We find less difficulty in procuring sufficient quantities.

Friday, 28th Sept.

Left Long Point at a little before 8 and crossed the prairies intervening. At 2 o’clk. P. M. we reached the Sangamon (on the banks of which we have encamped for the last five days) after crossing which we pitched our tents. We are now within a few miles of Springfield, which place we shall pass through to-morrow. Judge Polke, the Conductor, on the occasion of passing through a village of the character of Springfield, requested I-o-weh, one of the principal chiefs, so to arrange and accouter the Indians as to insure a good appearance. The chief was delighted with the proposition and no doubt the emigration to-morrow will present quite a gaudy appearance. As an inducement they were promised some tobacco, which they have been much in want for several days. The day has been very warm, which added to the length of our march, fatigued much the emigrants. The illness of the camp in disappearing gradually, and we may safely calculate upon a great diminution in the number of sick at the next report of the physician. Forage and provisions becoming plenty, as we nearer approach the settled portions of the state. Distance traveled to-day Eighteen miles. Two children died during the night.

Saturday, 29th Sept.

In order to pass Springfield at as early an hour as possible, we rose before light, and at 8 o’clock were on our way. The Indians amongst whom a degree of pride was excited, arranged themselves into line with an unusual display of finery and gaudy trumpery marched through the streets of Springfield. The wayfares were covered with anxious spectators, so indeed as to threaten for a time to impede the progress of the Emigration. We passed clearly through however, and that too without the detention of a single Indian. A 3 we reached our present Encampment, McCoy’s Mill, distant from last night’s camp seventeen miles. This morning, Dr. Jerolaman on account of his continued indisposition, requested leave to remain in Springfield a few days to recruit. Permission was granted. Our march today was through a very dry region of Country. We are now encamped on a stream affording little water.

Sunday, 30th Sept.

We left McCoy’s Mills at about 9 o’clk. and at 12 reached Island Grove, the place of our Encampment 6 miles distant from the Camp of last night. Our march was made necessarily short on account of the scarcity of water—this being the only watering place nearer than ten or fifteen miles. The death of a child occurred a few hours after our encampment. Health of the sick still improving. Provisions and subsistence good and healthy. The Indians still bring in large quantities of game—sufficient for their subsistence—and they greatly prefer such provisions as they acquire by the chase. One of the Dragoons was dismissed last night for intoxication— Nothing of the king is permitted.

Monday, 1st October.

Early in the morning we left Island Grove—travelled over a dry prairie Country, seventeen miles, we reached our encampment near Jacksonville, at 3 o’clock in the afternoon. Nothing occurred during our march save that a child fell from a wagon, and was very much crushed by the wheels running over it. It is thought the child will die. To-night some of the chiefs reported two runaways, who left this morning. During the Evening we were much perplexed by the curiosity of the visitors, to many of whom the sight of an emigration of Indians is as great a rarity as a traveling Caravan of wild animals. Late at night the camp was complimented by a serenade from the Jacksonville Band.

Tuesday, 2nd Octr.

We struck our tents at 8 this morning, and prepared for a march. Owing to the very great curiosity manifested by the citizens generally, Judge Polke, after being solicited, marched the emigration into the square, where we remained for fifteen or twenty minutes. Presents of tobacco and pipes in abundance were made by the citizens to the Indians, who appeared quite as much delighted with the favor shown them as with the excellent music of the Band which escorted us around the square. We continued our journey, and at 3 o’clock reached our present encampment about sixteen miles from Jacksonville. The day was excessively warm and the dust very afflicting, added to which water was scarcely to be found on the route. Provisions and forage we find in considerable quantities, without difficulty.

Wednesday, Oct. 3d.

Left Exeter encampment at a little before 8 o’clock, and without any occurrence of note reached the Illinois river at about 11—9 miles distant from last night’s camp. Preparations were made for ferrying the river, and we embarked in keel and flat boats directly after our arrival. The day was spent in crossing and recrossing the stream, and by 9 p. m. we succeeded in landing the last of the baggage wagons. We are now encamped on the opposite shore from Naples, where we shall perhaps remain to-morrow, to recruit the fatigues of the past few days. A child died directly after our arrival at the river.

Thursday, 4th Octr.

Although the ferriage of the river was completed last night before we slept, it was thought advisable by the Conductor to remain in Camp to-day. The Indians made use of the opportunity thus afforded, to furnish themselves with moccasins, wash their blankets and clothes, and do many other things necessary to their comfort and cleanliness during the remainder of the journey. The health of the Indians is now almost as good as before we commenced our march from Twin Lakes—a few days more will entirely recruit them. A young child died in the Evening.

Friday, 5th Oct.

Left Encampment opposite Naples at 8 o’clock, and reached at a little after 12 our present encampment, at McKee’s creek, twelve miles from the Illinois river. We were forced to-day to leave the Road and travel a considerable distance to find water—even such as it is—standing in ponds—The streams are nearly all dry. Subsistence, beef and flour. Forage of a good character.

Saturday, 6th Oct.

At a little before 8 in the morning we left the encampment of last night. During the night we were visited by a fall ran which rendered the traveling to-day unusually pleasant. The dust has been completely allayed, and the air much cooled. Water on the route was only to be found in stagnant ponds. At 3 o’clock we reached our present encampment, which from the barreness of the spot in everything save grass, brush and weeds, we have appropriately named Hobson’s Choice. Beef and potatoes were issued to the Indians this Evening. Forage, corn and hay. A child died since we came into camp. Distance traveled to-day eighteen miles.

Sunday, 7th Oct.

We were on the march this morning at half past 7 o’clk. The journey was pleasant and the road better than usual supplied with water. The distance to Quincy, of which we are now within six or seven miles, was too great for one day’s journey; we therefore encamped at Mill-creek, but twelve miles distance from Hobson’s Choice camp. To-morrow we shall reach Quincy at an early hour, and soon as possible cross the river on the opposite bank of which we expect to remain two of three days to allow the teamsters and others engaged in the service, sufficient time to repair their wagons, etc. A child died shortly after we arrived in camp.

Monday, 8th Octr.

In order to reach Quincy and forward the ferriage of the river as much as possible, parties of the emigration were detached and sent a-head at 7 o’clk. At 10 a great portion of the emigrants had reached the river, seven miles from the camp of last night. A stream ferry-boat which had been previously employed, was in waiting for, and the Indians were immediately put on board. By night we succeeded in crossing all the Indians, horses, and several wagons. The remainder will be brought over as early as convenient, to-morrow. It is with the utmost difficulty that many of the Indians are restrained from intoxication. A guar has to be kept under arms in every town through which we pass.—Tomorrow will be employed in the payment of the officers and troops. Three children died since morning.

Tuesday, 9th Octr.

The wagons belonging to the emigration were early engaged in ferrying the river, and by night time all were over. During the day the officers were busily employed in making out the accounts of the of the officers, laborers and wagoners engaged in the emigration most of whom will be paid and settled with up with up to the 30th ult. Two Dragoons Messrs. Kelly & Smith declined going further with the emigration—they were accordingly discharged. Dr. Jerolaman came into camp to-day—his health is still very delicate. Several of the chiefs assembled to-day, and requested of the Conductor liberty to remain in Camp each succeeding Sabbath for devotional exercises. Leave was granted. The health of the Indians is still improving. We shall continue in camp to-morrow. Mr. H. Barnett, a dragoon, was also discharged to-day, at his own request.

Wednesday, 10th Oct.

The settlements of yesterday was concluded to-day, and every person engaged in the service, save the Officers of the emigration, was paid up to the 30th ult. In order to allow the wagoners an opportunity of repairing their wagons, shoeing their horses and making other repairs necessary for the safe prosecution of the journey, much extra ferriage was done during the two days of our encampment at the river. This might have been avoided by remaining on the Quincy shore, but the dissolute habits of the Indians and their great proneness to intoxication, forbid such a step on the part of the agents of the government. At sunset all the wagons that had been repairing, were in camp, and we were prepared for next day’s journey.

Thursday, 11th Octr.

At 9 o’clock the emigration moved from the encampment of the last two days. The rest of yesterday and the day before had much recruited the health and spirits of the Indians. The march was pleasant and without the occurrence of any difficulties. We are encamped at Pleasant Spring, near Palmyra, Mo. Capt. J. Holman, of Peru, Ia. Arrived in Camp to-day. He serves in the capacity of Assistant Superintendent, having received his appointment at the suggestion of reports unfavorable to the health of the officers attached to the emigration. A woman died shortly after we encamped today. An ox wagon engaged in the transportation of Indians, having lost its cattle was forced to remain behind with its load. The wagon along with those left to hunt the oxen will be up to-morrow. Distance traveled to-day thirteen miles.

Friday, 12th Oct.

Early this morning we prepared for marching, and at 8 ½ o’clock were under way. We passed through Palmyra at 10, and had little difficulty in preventing the excesses of the Indiana. After we arrived in camp, however, two or three Indians were found to have procured liquor, and became much intoxicated. They were immediately arrested and put under guard. We are now encamped on See’s creek, thirteen miles from Pleasant Spring, the camp of last night. The health of the Indians is considered so good that Medicine has not for some time been administered to them. Subsistence beef and flour. Forage corn and corn fodder. The Indian horses are suffered to graze through the woods. The wagon left behind yesterday came up this evening after dark. Gen. A. Morgan, who has heretofore been acting in the capacity of Assistant Superintendent in the emigration gave notice that he should offer his resignation to-morrow.

Saturday, 13th Oct.

This morning as we were on the eve of leaving our encampment, a number of the Indians headed by the chief Ash-kum came up to Head Quarters, and requested an interview with the Conductor and Gen. Morgan. Ash-kum arose and in a short talk informed the Conductor that the Indians were unwilling that Gen. Morgan whom they had been taught to recognize as principal in the emigration, should leave them. They felt, he continued, that Gen. M. was near to them pledges upon which they depended, and the fulfillment of which induced them in part to consent to their emigration. The Indians also requested throu’ Ash-kum liberty to travel less and remain longer in camp. Judge Polke answered. He informed them that Gen. Morgan had voluntarily offered his resignation, and that he had been appointed to conduct them to their new homes, with the consent of Gen. M. etc. etc. Gen. Morgan also responded and returned his thanks to the Indians for the interest which they manifested in his welfare. The chief I-o-weh dissented in strong terms from the sentiments expressed by Ash-kum. He stated that these men (alluding to Ash-kum and his associates) were not chiefs—that they were not entitled to respect as such. He wished that Judge Polke should conduct them to their new homes, and that Gen. Morgan should return. He was contented with the Officers remaining with the emigration. The emigration left at 9 o’clock. Gen. Morgan having previously departed, The day was very windy, and the dust exceedingly afflicting. At 3 o’clock we arrived in camp at Clinton—a distance of seventeen miles from See’s creek. To-morrow we shall remain in camp.

Sunday, 14th Octr.

To-day according to a promise made the chiefs a few days ago, we remained in camp. The Indians attended service during the day, and seemed quite to enjoy themselves. In the Evening the chiefs Ash-kum, I-o-weh and others, along with a number of the Indians, assembled at Head Quarters, and shook hands for a talk. They came, I-o-weh said, to demand the dismissal or suspension of Dr. Jerolaman, the physician for the emigration, whom they had ceased to like, and did not wish him longer to accompany the emigration. Judge Polke answered and informed them that their request was one of so much importance and so unusual in emigration, that he hoped he might be allowed time not only to decide himself but to council with is officers. The Indians then retired, with the understanding that an answer would be given them to-morrow evening.

Monday, 15th Oct.

At 8 o’clk. this morning we were on the march. The day was very windy, which rendered our passage across the prairie very disagreeable. Many of the Indians suffered a good deal. At noon we reached our present encampment, near Paris, twelve miles distant from the camp of last night. During the evening the chiefs, according to arrangement of last night, along with a large number of the Indians, came up to Head Quarters, and repeated their request of last night. The Speaker said that he did not demand it for himself or for his associates alone, but for every man, woman and child in camp—they all united in soliciting he discharge of Dr. Jerolaman. The Conductor briefly informed them that Dr. J. had received his appointment from government—that he felt a delicacy in discontinuing an officer of government—that the Indians were not compelled to receive the services of Dr. J.—they were free to choose for themselves—that he through it his duty to retain his services as physician for the officer of the emigration, and that viewing their request in the light he did, he could not consistent with his duty, grant their request. He hoped they would forget their prejudices, and still continue friendly with Dr. J.—and that his decision might not affect the feelings of unity which had so far subsisted between the officers and their red brethren. In conclusion he informed them that he had purchased, in the hope of allaying their discontent, a keg of tobacco, which he wished them to smoke in token of continued friendship. The Indians then retired, not without, however, first requesting leave to renew the subject again. Subsistence, beef, corn and potatoes. Forage corn & hay.

Tuesday, 16th Oct.

Left Encampment at Paris this morning at 8. Our march was unusually long—water being scarce throughout the country. At 3 o’clk. we arrived at Burkhart’s Encampment, eighteen miles from Paris. The day was quite cold—last night having frozen water in camp. Health still improving. Complaints of sickness are scarcely to be heard.

Wednesday, 17th Octr.

Although the appearances of the weather were unfavorable, we were at an early hour preparing for the day’s journey. At 8 the snow commenced falling very fast, and continued during the greater part of the day. Travelling was difficult, the road being exceedingly slippery, and the snow falling so fast as to render very cold and unpleasant the whole journey. At 3 o’clk. we reached our encampment near Huntsville, about thirteen miles fro Burkhart’s. The Indians traveled without complaint, and seemed greatly to approve of the exertion of government to place them at their new homes. Subsistence flour and beef. Forage corn and hay. The snow at night changed to rain, which almost inundated the encampment. A quantity of straw was procured, which generally distributed throughout the camp rendered the Indians tolerable comfortable for the night.

Thursday, 18th Oct.

To-day owing to the continued rain we were forced to remain encamped. Added to which the state of the roads forbid our travel. Nothing occurred during the day, save the drunkenness of a few of the Indians who had procured liquor at Huntsville. To-morrow we expect to move. Provisions and forage the same as yesterday.

Friday, 19th Octr.

Early this morning the Indians were busily engaged in making preparations for a march. At 8 o’clock we were on the way. At 12 we reached encampment on Middle Chariton, eleven miles from the camp of last night. The day was cold and clear—the journey, however, was accomplished without the distress of Wednesday. The Indians still seem to be anxious to reach their destination.

Saturday, 20th Octr.

Left Chariton Encampment at 8 o’clock this morning. The road was quite muddy, and the air very cold. At 12 we reached our present Encampment on Grand Chariton, two miles from Keatsville. To-morrow being the Sabbath we shall remain in camp. The health of the Indians is almost completely restored. There are perhaps scarcely a dozen in camp. Subsistence beef and flour—of which the Indians are becoming tired. Bacon and pork cannot be procured. Forage hay and corn. Distance traveled to-day eleven miles.

Sunday, 21st Oct.

To-day we remained in camp to allow the Indians, according to a request made by them, an opportunity for worship. During the day a considerable quantity of apples and cider was purchased and given to the Indians. The health continues good. One or two of the Officers have within the last few days been much indisposed.

Monday, 22nd Oct.

At an early hour this morning we left our encampment, and passing through Keatsville, journeyed towards the Missouri River. At 2 o’clk. P. M. we reached Grand River, preparations for the ferriage of which had before been made, and immediately commenced its crossing. By dark all the Indians and many of the wagons were over. The remainder will cross in the morning early and by 12 we hoped to be able to continue our journey. Distance traveled to-day fifteen miles.

Tuesday, 23rd Octr.

This morning was early employed in ferrying the remainder of the wagons. By 12 o’clk. all were across, and we prepared for the continuation of our journey. The bottom lands of the Missouri being too flat and wet to encamp upon an hour longer than was essentially necessary, at 1 o’clk. we left Grand River Encampment, and passing over prairies (the cold being severe) arrived at Thomas’ Encampment at a little after 4, a distance of ten miles. Subsistence beef, flour and corn. Forage orn and corn fodder.

Wednesday, 24th Octr.

This morning before leaving Camp a quantity of Shoes were distributed among the indigent and bare footed Indians, the weather being too sever for marching without a covering to the feet. At 8 o’clock we left Thomas’ encampment, and at 12 reached Carrolton, near which place we are now encamped. Distance twelve miles. Nothing occurred on the way. The cold was intense on the prairies. The country through which we passed to-day is very much excited. Nothing is heard—nothing is talked of but the Mormons and the difficulties between them and the citizens of Upper Missouri. Carrollton is nightly guarded by its citizens.

Thursday, 25th Octr.

Having an unusually long journey before us, across a prairie, we moved from Carrollton encampment at half past 7 o’clk. and without meeting with difficulty or obstructions, but somewhat fatigued, we arrived at Snowden’s near whose farm we encamped. The journey was made unnecessarily long ecause of the scarcity of water and timber, and the absence of provisions and forage. Sometime after jour encampment the Conductor was waited upon by a gentleman, who it appeared had been delegated by the citizens of Richmond (a village near us) to request assistance as they really anticipated an attack from the Mormons tonight. Judge Polke informed the gentleman that such a step on his part would be entirely without the line of his duty. His duties were particularly delegated to him by the government, to which he was responsible for the faithful performance of the same. He hoped that the excitement would abate, and the aid which he required be rendered unnecessary. Provisions and forage as usual.

Friday, 26th Octr.

At 8 o’clock we left our encampment, and at 10 reached the Missouri river, opposite Lexington. We immediately commenced ferrying, and shall perhaps be able to get the wagons all over before night. We found the ferry engaged in transporting females who were flying from their homes. Great excitement prevailes. Reports are rife throughout the country of bloodshed, house-burning, etc. The people seem completely crazed. By sunset all the wagons save a few on the opposite bank of the river. Early in the morning we shall proceed to cross the Indians.

Saturday, 27th Octr.

At sunrise the ferry boats were busily plying from shore to shore. As fast as the Emigrants reached the southern bank they were hurried on their journey. At 2 o’clk. the party were all over the river, and hastened to join the front of the emigration. At 4 o’clock the front of the party reached our encampment at Little Schuy creek, eight miles from last night’s camp.

Sunday, 28th Octr.

To-day we remained in camp. We have performed a good week’s travel, ferrying two rivers in the time. Health of the camp as good as it has been. This morning the Indians with Ash-kum at their head, came to Head Quarters and informed the conductor of some difficulties hich they were fearful might occur in the exercise of the unrestricted power by I-o-weh, whom they did not choose to acknowledge as a chief of the blood. They also requested information in regard to their annuities, etc. Judge Polke hoped that they would cease to speak of a subject which could not be of benefit to them, but on the other hand might affect the progress of the emigration. When the journey was completed they were at liberty to speak and decide among themselves. He had yet some tobacco, which he should offer them in hopes that they would still continue in peace and harmony. He also informed them what he knew of their annuities, etc. The Indians then retired apparently contented. A child died after night some time—the first for the last four weeks.

Monday, 29th Octr.

At 8 o’clock we resumed our journey—the morning being delightful and fine for traveling. At 12 we reached Prairie creek ten miles from Schuy creek. Subsistence flour, corn-meal, beef and pork and game of every kind. Forage, corn, hay and fodder. About 5 o’clock Capt. Hull arrived in camp with the Indians left at Logansport and Tippecanoe, numbering in all some twenty-three. They are tolerably good health and spirits and will perhaps accomplish the remainder of the journey in the company of our party.

Tuesday, 30th Octr.

We marched from Prairie creek this morning at a little before 8, and at 1 p. m. reached our present encampment at Blue River, fourteen miles from this morning’s camp. The journey was unusually pleasant—the day warm, and the emigrants in the company of their friends, who came up yesterday evening, very gay and cheerful. Some time after our encampment Capt. Hull reported himself to the conductor and the number and condition of the emigrants under his charge. They number in all twenty-three, having five horses and three transporting wagons in company. They will be attached to the emigration nder the charge of Judge Polke to-morrow.

Wednesday, 31st Octr.

Left Encampment this morning at half after 7 o’clock—the company under Capt. Hull being attached to the emigrants—and at 12 o’clock passed through Independence. At 1 we reached our present encampment two miles south of Independence, and ten miles from the camp of yesterday. After reaching camp in the evening a small quantity of shoes were distributed among the emigrants. Many Indians came into camp during the afternoon much intoxicated.

Thursday, 1st Novr.

Left camp Independence at a little after 9—one hour or so having been allowed the Indians for their religion exercises. At 3 o’clk. we reached our present encampment on Blue River, sixteen miles. Te journey was exceedingly pleasant—the weather being warm and the road very good. Subsistence and forage of a good and healthy character, and to be had in abundance. To-morrow we shall cross the state line, and thereafter experience some difficulty in provisioning—the country being almost an entire wilderness.

Friday, 2nd Nov.

This morning broke upon us rainy and disagreeable. The conductor being anxious, however, to complete the journey now so near at an end, gave the word for a move, and at 8 o’clock we were on the road—the rain increasing as we advanced. At 9 we crossed the boundary line, and found ourselves in the heart of a prairie, with scarcely any trace to mark our route. The journey was continued and at 12 a large portion of the emigrants on horseback came detached from the wagon, and wandered over the prairie four hours in search of the trace of the wagons. It was found at length, and we reached the camp ground set-out for a 3 o’clock, having traveled a distance (it was computed) of twenty-five miles from the encampment of yesterday. Our encampment is known as the North fork of Blue river. Subsistence beef and corn. Forage corn.

Saturday, 3rd Nov.

At an early hour we left our encampment at Oak Grove, and traveled until 2 o’clock when we reached a settlement of Wea Indians, on Bull creek, and camped adjoining Bull-town. Our journey was pleasant, and was marked by the anxiety of the Indians to push forward and see their friends. During the evening as attempt as made to enroll the Indians, but not very successfully. They did not seem (or would not) to understand or appreciate the object. Late in the evening several of the chiefs came to Head Quarters, and request to remain in camp to-morrow. But the journey being so nearly completed, and the scarcity of orage and provisions induced the conductor to deny their request, and insist upon traveling.

Sunday, 4th Nov.

Left Bull-town encampment this morning at 9 o’clk. two hours having been allowed the Indians for devotional purposes. At 2 we crossed the Osage, where the Indians were met and welcomed by many of their friends, and at half after 3 reached Pottawattomie creek, the end of our destination. The emigrants seeming delighted with the appearance of things—the country—its advantages—the wide spreading prairie and the thrifty grove, the rocky eminence and the meadowed valley—but particularly with the warm and hearty greeting of those who have tested (and but to become attached to,) the country assigned them by Government. The evening was spent in preparing for some settlements of to-morrow. The distance of to-day’s travel is computed at twenty miles. Mr. Davis the Agent, we found absent.

Monday 5th Nov.

The day consumed in making settlements with the Officers. During the afternoon a considerable number of the Indians, assembled at Head Quarters, and expressed a desire to be heard in a speech. Pe-pish-kay rose and in substance said:--That they had now arrived at their journey’s end—that the government must now be satisfied. They had taken been from homes affording them plenty, and brought to a desert—a wilderness—and were now to be scattered and left as the husbandman scatters his seed. The Agent, Mr. Davis, they knew not, and his absence would not afford them an opportunity of deciding what they might expect from him. The Indians did not think such treatment of a character with that promised them in their treaties. They hoped Judge Polke, their friend, would remain with them and see that justice should be rendered. Judge Polke informed them that considering their request too important to be disregarded, he would return from Independence, whither it was necessary he should go to attest the settlement of the emigration, and remain with them until Mr. Davis’s return. He would leave his son (Mr. B. C. Polke) who would in company with them visit and select such localities in the country as might please them. They returned for answer that they would reply in the morning. The Council then broke up. Quite an old man died after coming into camp last night. Beef and corn were delivered to the Indians in the afternoon. During the evening, a wagon belonging to and owned by Andrew Fuller, a Pottawattomie, containing six Indians, came into camp. They had traveled from Michigan with the intention of becoming citizens of the Western Territory, and borne their expenses for the whole route. They came without any instructions from the Agent at Logansport.

Tuesday, 6th Novr.

We were early preparing to move on our return—the Officers and wagons generally expressing much anxiety to hasten their return. The Indians assembled again, and after a repetition of the requests and arguments of yesterday, informed the Conductor that they were willing he should leave them, but they should expect his return. In the meantime they hoped that Judge Polke would nterest himself in their affairs. They had confidence in him, and hoped he would not abuse it. Immediately we left our encampment, and proceeded on our return. Much feeling was manifested at our departure. On our way we passed a wagon containing two dead persons. A sick family of Indians had been left a Bull-town—two of the sick had died. They reached the camp of the Indians before night. We arrived at our encampment of Saturday last at 3 o’clock. To-morrow we shall proceed to Westpoint.

Wednesday, 7th Nov.

Travelled from Bulltown encampment to McLean’s Grove, a distance of twenty-five miles. It had snowed the night previous and continued most of the day, which was windy and excessively cold. But a small number of the Team kept in company—most of them selecting their own routes.

Thursday, 8th, Nov.

Left McLean’s Grove and traveled to Westpoint a distance of nine miles to breakfast. After breakfast we continued o our way, and arrived at Camp near Independence at 5 o’clock. Several of the teams were already in camp, and others coming in. To-day we traveled a distance of twenty-one miles.

Friday, 9th Nov.

During the day the wagons left behind us came into camp. The settlements with the teams will be commenced to-day and perhaps be concluded to-morrow.

Saturday, 10th Nov.

The settlements with the teamsters and officers concluded to-day. To-morrow we set out for home every thing having resulted as well and happily as could have been anticipated by the most sanguine.

I believe the foregoing Journal to be correct in every thing pertaining to distances, localities, etc., etc.

J. C. Douglas,

Enroll. Agent.

SCALE OF DISTANCES

From Logansport to Quincy……………………………….339 miles

From Quincy to Independence…………………………….213

From Independence to Pottawattomie Creek, W. T………...66

From Naples, Ill. to Quincy………………………………....49

From Springfield, Ill., to Naples…………………………….59

From Springfield to Danville, Ill…………………………..126